universal
child care
Universal child care means early learning and child care that is affordable, equitable, and inclusive for all families, with options to meet their varied needs.
A main goal: universal child care, accessible to all
The federal government’s stated overarching goal for CWELCC was “to ensure that all families have access to high-quality, affordable, and flexible early learning and child care no matter where they live.” This is consistent with research and experience, which confirm that a universal approach to child care delivers the best results for children, families and society. In an influential thematic review of ELCC in 20 countries, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found that most OECD countries were moving toward universal access as long ago as 2001.
What does “universal” mean when it comes to early learning and child care?
The term “universal” is understood to mean that ELCC is affordable (or no fee) for all children, which means it is primarily funded through public revenues.
Universal child care programs are equitable and sufficiently available, including for communities that are currently underserved, such as rural, lower income, and newcomer communities. It must be appropriate to meet both parents’ needs (such as non-standard work hours) and children’s characteristics (such as age). A child care system “for all” also incorporates full inclusion of children with disabilities or special needs.
Universal child care does not mean “one size fits all,” but that there is sufficient diversity of options to meet the varied needs and preferences of families. This means that universal child care systems include full- or part-day centres, family child care, and before- and after-school care, offered for standard and non-standard hours. Universal child care is well aligned with paid parental leave and other family-supporting policies.
Public information must be easily accessible so parents know what is available. The child care system must be structured in a straightforward way, without undue complexity of eligibility or use; these are shown to create barriers for parents, especially those who are vulnerable.
Distinct populations
Canadian history and political considerations identify specific groups whose ELCC policy and provision are recognized as warranting self-governance outside the universal system serving the rest of Canada: First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples, and the province of Quebec.